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Public Health

Karachi’s Air Pollution: The City That Can’t Breathe

by
Smog and traffic pollution covering Karachi’s skyline.

Pakistan’s largest city and economic hub — has become one of the most polluted cities globally.
According to The Nation (Mar 4, 2025), Karachi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) reached 179, categorized as “unhealthy.” At times in 2023, the AQI exceeded 200, ranking the city 9th most polluted in the world.

Main Causes

  • Vehicular emissions: Over 4 million vehicles on Karachi’s roads run on low-quality fuel.
  • Industrial smoke: Factories release toxic gases without emission control systems.
  • Garbage burning: According to The News (Dec 2023), open burning contributes over 30% of airborne particulate matter.
  • Construction dust: Continuous urban expansion adds high levels of PM2.5 pollutants.

Health Impacts

The News International (Feb 2024) found that Karachi’s PM2.5 levels are 25.8 times higher than WHO’s safe limit, increasing cases of asthma, lung infections, and heart disease.

Policy Gaps

Despite these dangers, environmental laws are weakly enforced. As The Nation (Mar 2024) noted, Karachi ranks among the top 10 most polluted cities worldwide, yet lacks a comprehensive clean air policy.

Way Forward

  • Promote electric buses and hybrid vehicles.
  • Enforce industrial emission standards.
  • Expand urban green belts and forests.
  • Launch public awareness campaigns on clean air.

Conclusion

Karachi’s air pollution crisis endangers millions. Without strict regulation and long-term strategy, the city’s environment — and public health — will continue to deteriorate.